Future Perfect

1) Forms:
There are two forms of the future perfect can be formed in two ways – by either combining "will have" and the past participle of the verb or "am / is / are going to have" and the past participle:
- will have + past participle
- am / is / are going to have + past participle


Unlike Simple Future forms, both forms of the Future Perfect can be used interchangeably, as there is little or no difference in meaning between the two forms. (By employing "will have" + past participle, the speaker emphasizes that he or she believes with certainty in a future event, whereas the use of “am / is / are going to have” + past participle leaves more room for ambiguity.)

- Examples for "will have" + past participle:
You will have finished your studies this time next year.
You will not have finished your studies this time next year.
Will you have finished your studies this time next year?

- Examples for "am / is / are going to have" + past participle:
She is going to have her teeth corrected before her wedding.
She not going to have her teeth corrected before her wedding.
Is she going to have her teeth corrected before her wedding.


2) Use:
There are two main uses of the Future Perfect.

a) The Future Perfect is either used to describe that an event will (or will not) take place before a specific time in the future (1A) or that an event will (or will not) occur before another event in the future (1B).

- Examples for 1A (event will / will not take place before a specific time in the future):
By next August, we will have bought a new house.
By next August, we are going to have bought a new house.
She will not have finished working by 4.15.
She is not going to have finished working by 4.15.
Will she have cleaned the house by 4.15?
Is she going to have cleaned the house by 4.15?

- Examples for 1B (event will occur before another event in the future):
By the time he returns from work, she will have cooked dinner.
By the time he returns from work, she is going to have cooked dinner.
She will not have cleaned the house by the time the guests arrive.
She is not going to have cleaned the house by the time the guests arrive.
Will you wear the same dress next Saturday night?
Are you going to wear the same dress next Saturday night?

b) The Future Perfect is further employed to express that an event will (or will not) continue up to the moment another action will begin in the future.

- Examples:
I will have worked for 35 years by the time I retire.
I am going to have finished the book by the time you return home.
I will not have worked for 35 years by the time I retire.
I am not going to have finished the book by the time you return home.
Will you have saved enough money to retire by the time you turn 65?
Are you going to have returned the book by the time I return home?

c) Notes:
- The future events to which the future perfect clauses refer are in simple present rather than in simple future, as in a time clause, the future tenses cannot be employed.
RIGHT: By the time he returns from work, she will have cooked dinner.
WRONG: By the time he will return from work, she will have cooked dinner.


- Future perfect of verbs cannot be used in clauses starting with temporal expressions such as:
before, after, when, while, as soon as, unless, if etc. In these cases, the present perfect is used:
RIGHT: I am going to watch TV when I have returned home.
WRONG: I am going to watch TV when I will have returned home.


- Future perfect can only be used with non-continuous / state verbs and the non-continuous uses of mixed verbs.
RIGHT: I will have eaten dinner by the time you return home.
WRONG: I will have been eating dinner by the time you return home.

- There are both active and passive forms of the Future Perfect:
They will have fixed her car this time next Friday. (Active)
Her car will have been fixed this time next Friday. (Passive)

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